Process of waterproofing textile material and the material thus obtained



Patented Au 8,1939,

I 2,108,534 rnocsss or wa'rmmormc 'rex'mn' MATERIAL AND :rnn MATERIAL THUS onramen Joseph Nuesslein and Georg von Finch, Frankfort-on-the-Main, and Herman Stark, Bad Soden in Taunus, Germany, assignors to I. G. Farbenindustrie Aktiengeseilschaft, Frankforton-the-Main, Germany No Drawing. Application April as, 1937, Serial No.139,480. In Germany'April 29,1936

I e 11 Claims;

In the-copending applications Ser. Nos. 94382, 118,618 and 127,310, filed August5, 1936, December 31, 1936, and February 23,1937, respectively, for "Water-repellent textile material and process of manufacturing it," in the name of Arthur Voss et 3.1., it has been shown that textile materials may be rendered water-proof the waterproofing being stable to washing by application of mixed polymerizates from maleicacid or its derivatives -l0 and oleflnic compounds in which at least one of the components contains an aliphatic residue of at least carbon atoms.

There may be used, for instance, the following products: the mixedpolymerizate from maleic anhydride and vinyl-octadecyl ether; the mixed polymerizate from maleic acid monomethyl ester and stearic'acid vinyl ester; the mixed polymerizate from maleic acid and vinyl-octodecyl ether; the mixed polymerizate from maleic' acid monoi0 'dodecyl ester and vinyl-dodecyl ether, Furtherm'ore,there may be used maleic anhydride incombination with vinyl stearateor vinyl palmitate. Instead of the above-mentioned vinyl-octodecyl .ether there may also be used the vinyl ether of II- the alcohol mixture formed by the reduction of a coconut oil fatty acids and containing, for the main part, compounds with 12 to 14 carbon atoms, or'the vinyl ether of the montan wax al- 'cohol. Another mixed polymerizate suitable for use may be obtained from maleic anhydride and isohexade'cylene. Instead of the maleic anhydride there may also be used the free maleic acid and its monoor di-esters derived from aliphatic alcohols. These aliphatic alcohols may be of low or of high molecular weight. If the maleic acid ester contains a radical of high molecular weight,

it is not always necessary. that the vinyl compound "used for preparing the mixed polymerizate should be of high molecular weight. Thus, there 40 may be used as mixed polymerizates in some cases compounds such as vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride,

etc., together with maleic acid esters of high molecular weight. Furthermore, maleic acid dihexadecyl ester, for instance, may be used in combination with methacrylic acid methyl-ester, vinyleethyl ether or vinyl-methyl ether. There may also be used other derivatives of maleic acid,

such as the nitrile or the acid amide. The mixed polymerizates are, therefore, derived from maleic acid anhydride or compounds of the formula:

, ctr-n.

wherein R1 and. R: represent members of the group consisting of COOH, COOalkyl, CN,

com, and other polymerizable olefinic compounds.

Now, we have found that various hydrocarbons and hydrocarbon derivatives which contain at least 10 carbon atoms in the molecule and have a more or less goodwaterprooflng'eiiect on textiles impregnated with them are much improvedv in this respect by even a small addition of one of the mixed polymerizates defined above, and the eiiect of this addition is to produce a product which in its' water-proofing effect exceeds that of both the mixed polymerizate alone and of the hydrocarbon or hydrocarbon derivative alone.

For instance, 10 grams of stearic acid dissolved in 1000 cc. of carbon tetrachloride is of little use .as a water-proofing agent for artificial silk.

When, however, about 1 gram of one of the aforesaid mixed polymerizates is added to this stearic acid solution,there is obtained a liquid which has a water prooilng' effect upon, artificial silk which is essentially better than that of the solution containing 10 gramsor more of stearic acid alone or a'solution containing 1 gram or more of the mixed polymerizate alone.

Also the water-proofing effect of other products is essentiallyimproved by addition of the mixed polymerizate. We name, for instance, fatty alcohols of high molecular weight, their ethers, fatty acids of high molecular weight, their esters, anhydrides, amides, methylolamides, iso-cyanates and p'araflins or mixtures of these products.

There maybe mentioned, for instance: stearic anhydride, stearyl-alcohol, dodecyl-alcohol, ste-. aryl-isocyanate, montanic acid methylol-amide, 'stearic acid methylol-amide, stearyl-hydroxymethyl-pyridinium chloride, lauric acid amide,

palmitic acid amide etc. Moreover, chlorine substitution pro'ductsof these compounds are useful.

A further increased the effect may be produced .by simultaneous use of aluminium-salts.

' It is remarkable that impregnation with these bodies also lends a considerably enhanced stability towards washing with soap and towards treatment with organic solvents. Thus after one or more cleaning operations an article of clothing or other textile material will retain the waterproof properties imparted to it by the treatment of this invention.

For making an impregnating liquor, there may be used not onlysolvents which are liquid at room temperature, like. benzene, methylene-chloride or the like, but also solvents which are only liquid at a raised temperature. Thus, for example, it is possible to dissolve one of the mixed polymerizates in parafl'in melting at 52 (3., thento emulsify this paraflin in known manner in water and to impregnate the material with this emulsion. During the following drying in a drying oven in which the temperature is advantageously maintained above the melting point of the parafiin the latter acts simultaneously as the solvent and there is obtained a water-proof impregnation which is fast to washing.

The treatment with all the aforesaid substances may be simultaneous or successive. For instance, the material may be impregnated with a solution of one of the above-mentioned mixed polymerizates in carbon tetrachloride and then after evaporating of the solvent, an aqueous solution of, for instance, stearyl-hydroxy-methyl-pyridinium chloride and finally dried. It is also possible to impregnate the material, in one bath consisting of a solution in carbon tetrachloride, of the mixed'polymerizate from maleic anhydride and vinyl-dodecyl ether or another of the indicated mixed polymerizates together with, for instance, stearyl-iso-cyanate. It is likewise possible to treat the textile fibers with one of the above-mentioned aliphatic compounds before treating them with one of the mixed polymerizates. After being impregnated, the fibrous material must be dried at a more or less elevated temperature, which is determined by the properties of the fatty compound used.

The following examples serve to illustrate the invention, but they are not intended to limit it thereto; the parts are by weight:

1. Artificial silk crepe is treated for five minutes in a solution which contains per liter of methylene-chloride 10 grams of paraflln melting at 52 C. and 1 gram of the mixed polymerizate from maleic acid monomethylester and vinyldodecylether or vinyloctadecylether; it is then squeezed or centrifuged and suspended in air to evaporate the solvent.

2. A cotton fabric is pre-treated with 5 grams of lactic acid in a liter of water, then dried and impregnated for 5' minutes with a solution which contains per liter of carbon tetrachloride 10 grams of stearic acid methylola-mide (made by treating stearic acid amide with concentrated formaldehyde solution) and 1 gram of a mixed polymerizate from maleic acid anhydride and vinyl-octadecylether; it is then squeezed or centrifuged, and after evaporation of the solvent it is heated in a drying chest for 20 minutes at 140 C.

3. 1 part of the mixed polymerizate from the maleic acid monomethylester and. vinyl-stearate is melted together with 10 parts of hard paraffin and the mass is emulsified with water (for instance by stirring it in a solution of glue and soap). In such an emulsion, containing per liter about 20 grams of the aforesaid mass, there is treated for 15-20 minutes a material of wool, cotton, artificial silk or mixed fibers, and the material is then centrifuged, dried and impregnated with an aqueous solution of aluminium formate (1 gram of A1203 perliter of liquid) and finally dried.

4. Artificial silk material is treated by the known process with aluminium formate or aluminium acetate in an aqueous solution, dried and after-treated by the procedure described in Example 1.

5. Woolen, silk or artificial silk clothing material is treated for 5minutes in a solution which contains per liter of carbon tetrachloride 10 grams of stearyl-isocyanate and 1 gram of a mixed polymerizate of maleic acid octadecylester and vinyl-octadecylether; it is then squeezed or centrifuged, and after evaporation of the solvent heated in a drying chest for 20 minutes at By this treatment there are. obtained goods having a water-repelling effect which is not lost after several washings with soap and sodium car- Parts I Benzine 530 Ethyl-alcohol 270 A mixed polymerizate from maleic acid and vinyl-tetradecylether 5 Dodecyl-isocyanate 5 then squeezed or centrifuged and heated, after evaporation of the solvent, in a drying chest for 20 minutes at 100 C.

'7. Woolen, silk or artificial silk clothing material is treated for 5 minutes in a solution which contains per liter of carbon tetrachloride 5 grams of the mixed polymerizate from maleic acid monododecylester and vinyldodecylether and dried in the air. After evaporation of the solvent, the material is introduced intoa second bath containing per liter of water 10 grams of stearylhydroxy-methyl-pyridinium chloride. The material is subsequently squeezed and dried for about 1 hour at 80 C.'-100 C.; it is then washed in another aqueous solution containing per liter 5 grams of soap and 2 grams of sodium carbonate, rinsed and dried.

8. Cotton or artificial silk clothing material is treated for 5 minutes in a solution which contains per liter of benzine 10 grams of stearic anhydride and 1 gram of the mixed polymerizate from maleic acid ditetradecylester and vinyltetradecylethr, squeezed and heated, after evaporation of the solvent, in a drying chest for about half an hour at C. t

9. Cotton or artificial silk clothing material is treated in a solution which contains per liter of water 10 grams of the pyridinium salt of the mixed polymerizate from maleic acid and vinylstearic acid ester, dried and heated for 15 minutes at 110 C.; the material is then treated for a short time in a second bath containing per liter of water 10 grams of stearyl-hydroxy-methylpyridinium chloride and dried at 80 C.-90 C.

10. A cotton fabric is pretreated with a solution containing per liter'of water 5 grams of lactic acid. dried and impregnated, for 5 minutes, in a solution which contains per liter of carbon tetrachloride 10 grams of stearic acid methylol-amide (preparable by the action of a concentrated formaldehyde solution or stearic acid amide) and 1 gram of a mixed polymerizate from maleic acid octodecylester and vinylethylether; it is then squeezed or centrifuged and heated, after evaporation of the solvent, in a drying chest for 20 minutes at C.

We claim:v

1. The process of water-proofing textile ma-' terials which comprises treating textile materials with mixed polymerizates containing at least one aliphatic radical with at least 10 carbon atoms being composed of a compound selected from the group consisting of maleic anhydride and compounds of the formula ,a,ioe,ss4 R1 and It: standing for members of the group I consisting of COOH, COQalkyl, ON, CONHa, and

of-olefinic compounds capable of being polymerized, and with a compound containing at least carbon atoms selected from the group consisting of aliphatic hydrocarbons, aliphatic alcohols and ethers, aliphatic carboxylic acids, ,their esters, anhydrides, amides, methylol amides and isocyanates, and halogen derivatives of'thesaid.-

compounds and drying said textile materials whereby water-proofing thereof results, the water-proofing being due to the conjoint action of said mixed polymerizates and said compound containing at least 10 carbon atoms.

2. The process of water-proofing textile materials which comprises treating textile materials with solutions of aluminium and with mixed polymerizates containing at least one aliphatic radical of at least 10 carbon atoms being composed of a compound selected from the group consisting of maleic anhydride and compounds of the formula:

("BEL-R1 Gilda R1 and R; standing for members of the group. consisting of COOH, COOalkyl, CN, 'CONI-h, and of olefinic compounds capable of being polymerized, and with a compound containing at least 10 carbon atoms selected from the group consisting of aliphatic hydrocarbons, aliphatic alcohols and ethers, aliphatic carboxylic acids, their esters, anhydrides, amides, methylol amides and isocyanates, and halongen derivatives of the said compounds and drying said. textile materials whereby water-proofing results, the water-proofing being due to the conjoint action of said mixed polymerizates and said compound containing at least 10 carbon atoms supplemented by the action of said aluminium salts.

3. The process of water-proofing textile materials which comprises treating textile materials with mixed polymerizates containing at least one aliphatic radical with at least 10 carbon atoms being composed of a compound selected from the group consisting of maleic anhydride and of compounds of the formula: CH-4n H--R2 R1 and R2 standing for members of the group consisting of COOH, C00.alkyl, CN, CONHz, and of a compound of the formula HzCCI-IX, wherein X stands for a member selected from the group consisting of'R, OR, RCOO, R being an aliphatic hydrocarbon radical, and with a compound containing at least 10 carbon atoms selected from the group consisting of aliphatic hydrocarbons, aliphatic alcohols and ethers, aliphatic carboxylic acids, their esters, anhydrides, amides,

methylol amides, and lso-cyanates, and halogen derivatives of the said compounds and drying said textile materials whereby water-proofing thereof results, the water-proofing being due to the conjoint action of said mixed polymerizates' and said compound containing at least 10 carbon atoms.

4. The process of water-proofing textile materials which comprises treating textile materials with mixed polymerizates containing at least one aliphatic radical with at least 10 carbon atoms being. composed of maleic anhydride and of a compound of the formula H2C-CHX, wherein X stands for a member of the. group consisting of R, OR, 3000, It being an aliphatichydrowith stearic acid methylol amide.

carbon radical, and with a compound containing at least 10 carbon atoms selected from the group consisting of aliphatic hydrocarbons, aliphatic alcohols and ethers, aliphatic carboxylic acids, their esters, anhydrides, amides, methylol amides and iso-cyanates, and halogen derivatives of.the said compounds and drying said textile materials whereby water-proofing thereof results, the water-prooiingbeing due to the conjoint action of said mixed polymerizates and said compound containing at least 10 carbonatoms. I v

5. The process of water-proofing textile materials which comprises treating textile materials 1 with a mixed polymerizate being composed of malelc anhydride and of vinyl-octode'cyl-ether and with a compound containing at least 10 carbon atoms selected from the group consisting of aliphatic hydrocarbons, aliphatic alcohols and ethers, aliphatic carboxylic acids, their esters, anhydrides, amides, methylol amides and iso-qcyanates, and halogen derivatives of the said compounds and drying said textile materials whereby water-proofing thereof results, the water-proofing being due to the conjoint action of said mixed polymerizates and said compound containing at least 10 carbon atoms.

6. The process of water-proofing textile materials which comprises treating textile materials with a mixed polymerizate being composed of maleic anhydride and vinyl-octodecylether, and

7. The process of water-proofing textile mate'rials which comprises treating textile materials with a mixed polymerizate being composed of malelc acid anhydride and vinyl octodecyl ether and with stearyl-iso-cyanate.

8. Water-proof textile material, which has been treated with mixed polymerizates containingat least one aliphatic radical of at least 10 carbon atoms being composed of a compound selected from the group consisting .of maleic anhydride and of compounds of the formula:

R1 and R2 standing for members of the group consisting of COOH, COO.alkyl, CN, CONHz, and of oleiinic compounds capable, of being polymerized, and with a compound containing at least 10 carbon atoms selected from the group consisting of aliphatic hydrocarbons, aliphatic alcohols and ethers, aliphatic carboxylic acids, their esters, anhydrides, amides, methylol amides and isocyanates, and halogen derivatives of the said compounds the water-proofed character of said textile material being caused by theconjoint ac- R1 and R2 standing for members of the group consisting of COOH, COO.alkyl, CN, CONHz, and

of oleflnic compounds'capable of being polymerized and with a compound. containing at least 10 carbon atoms selected from the group consisting of aliphatic hydrocarbons, aliphatic alcohols and ethers, aliphatic carboxylic acids, their esters, anhydrides, amides, methylol amides and iso-cyanates, and halogen derivatives of the said compounds the water-proof character of said textile material being caused by the conjoint action of said mixed polymerizates and said compound containing at least 10 earbon'atoms supplemented by the action of said aluminium salts carried by said aterial.

10 Water-proof textile material, which has been treated with a mixed polymerizate being composed of maleic anhydride and vinyl-octodecyl ether and with stearic acid methylol amide. 11. Water-proof textile material, which has been treated with a mixed polymerizate being composed of maleic anhydride and vinyl-octodecyl ether and with stearyl-iso-cyanate.

JOSEPH NUESSLEIN. GEORG VQN'FZNCK. HERMANN STARK. 

